Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a condition that occurs when there is increased blood pressure in the arteries that connect to the heart and the lungs. When the blood vessels between the heart and the lungs get damaged, it results in stress in the arteries, leading to high blood pressure. When untreated, the condition is life-threatening. Here are some of the most common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

1. Unknown causes
In some cases, doctors are unable to find the actual cause for increased blood pressure in the arteries that connect the heart and lungs. This case is termed “idiopathic pulmonary hypertension,” and it is quite common.

2. Blood clots in the lungs
Sometimes, blood clots in the lungs can restrict blood flow in the arteries or cause the narrowing of the arteries. This can result in PAH.

3. Connective tissue diseases
Connective tissue diseases are conditions that cause damage to the tissues that connect different organs in the body. Scleroderma, lupus, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome are some common connective tissue diseases. These can lead to problems in blood vessels and result in PAH.

4. Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive disease
This is a very rare condition that naturally causes blocks in the veins of the lungs. These blockages increase the blood pressure in the arteries, which, in turn, becomes a cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

5. Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Another very rare yet dangerous cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension is capillary hemangiomatosis disease. In this condition, tiny blood vessels growing in the lungs increase the pressure when blood flows through the arteries. This rare condition worsens with time and needs regular medication and surgeries.

6. HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral condition in which the body’s immune system is under attack. HIV can manifest as AIDS, which can be a fatal disease. HRPAH (HIV-Related PAH) is a common problem for people who struggle with HIV. Patients with HRPAH have a higher mortality rate and need to be on medications lifelong.

7. Injuries to smaller blood vessels
Sometimes, the cells that form in the inner layers of the smaller blood vessels that connect the heart and lungs get injured and damaged. This injury can cause the blood vessels to get restricted. This affects blood flow. This is also one of the most common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, doctors are not sure about what causes the injuries.

8. Genetics
PAH can be an acquired condition. If your first-degree relatives, such as your parents or siblings, have been diagnosed with PAH, then you are at risk of developing the condition, too.

All these causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension can put you at risk for developing the disease or worsening it. If you show signs of PAH, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest pain, contact the emergency helpline right away.